Which of the following situations can an organization best defend if a discrimination complaint is...

In religious institutions like a Catholic university, requiring certain employees (especially faculty) to adhere to religious standards is generally permissible under the ministerial exception and Title VII protections for religious organizations.

Official Extract:

"Religious organizations are permitted to require employees who perform religious functions to conform to the institution’s religious beliefs and practices."

(Source: HRCI PHR Content Outline 2024–2025, Employee and Labor Relations Section, Employment Law Compliance – Religious Exceptions)