Refer to the exhibit.

The diagram shows a loaded beam with two types of failure indicated:

Location 1 on the top edge shows shear failure — characterized by jagged cracks or fractures, typically near supports or where shear forces peak.

Location 2 near the bottom edge shows tension failure — concrete is weak in tension, so cracks develop at the bottom face in a simply supported beam under load.

This matches common structural behavior where:

The top fibers of a beam in bending undergo compression and shear stress.

The bottom fibers undergo tension (where cracks often form).

Shear cracks are usually diagonal and closer to the support (near the ends), tension cracks are vertical and near the midspan.