Refer to the exhibit.

To keep the concrete warmest in winter, place the continuous insulation on the exterior so the concrete mass stays inside the thermal envelope and sees interior temperatures. This reduces heat loss, limits risk of interstitial condensation at the concrete surface, and improves thermal lag. Option D shows all polyurethane insulation on the outside of the wall; A and B place some or all insulation inside, and C splits it—both allow more winter heat loss from the concrete.

PDD references: Building envelope heat flow & thermal mass strategy; continuous insulation placement (ASHRAE Fundamentals; NCARB ARE 5.0 PDD—Envelope & Thermal/Moisture Protection, CSI Div 07).