Which of the following features is the special requirement for smart grid?

The correct answer isPCM (Pulse Code Modulation).PCMis a critical feature forsmart gridsbecause it enables the integration of legacy analog and digital services, which are still widely used in grid communications.

Here’s why PCM is essential for smart grids:

Legacy Support:Many grid systems rely on analog signaling for SCADA, protection relays, and voice communication. PCM boards convert these analog signals into digital format for transmission over modern networks.

Reliability:PCM ensures high-quality, lossless transmission of critical data, such as fault detection and control commands.

Scalability:PCM solutions can be integrated into larger optical transport platforms, such as OTN or SDH, to support growing grid requirements.

Other options:

Transponder:Used for wavelength conversion in optical networks but does not address thespecific needs of smart grids.

SAN Service:Refers to Storage Area Networks, which are unrelated to grid communications.

ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer):Used for dynamic wavelength routing in optical networks but does not directly support grid-specific requirements.