A financial analyst theorizes that commute times increase as the percentage of land availability for...

In regression analysis, theindependent variableis the predictor used to explain or estimate changes in another variable. In data-driven decision making, identifying the correct variable roles is essential for meaningful interpretation.

In this scenario, land availability is used to predict commute time. Commute time is the outcome being explained, making it the dependent or target variable. Land availability influences or explains changes in commute time, which makes it theindependent variable.

Controls are additional variables included to isolate effects, but land availability is the primary predictor of interest. Therefore, optionCis correct.