The correct answers are A and B . A VM program can fail when it is placed too narrowly inside one department because Value Methodology must operate as an organization-wide management process, not as the property of a single functional group. When VM is positioned inside one department, other departments may view it as that department’s agenda rather than as a neutral, cross-functional decision-support process. This weakens participation, reduces ownership of recommendations, and limits executive visibility.
An undefined implementation and change management process is also a major failure factor. VM studies produce recommendations, but the program succeeds only when those recommendations are reviewed, approved, assigned, tracked, and integrated into normal project or business controls. Without a defined implementation path, even technically strong VM proposals can remain unused. Change management is necessary because VM recommendations often alter scope, design, delivery approach, cost allocation, or stakeholder expectations.
By contrast, management support and tracking VM study results are success factors, not failure factors. Executive support gives authority and resources, while tracking verifies savings, value improvement, and accountability.
References/topics: VM Programs; Program Organization; Management Support; Implementation Process; Change Management; Tracking VM Results.
