The correct answers are A. Cost and D. Innovation . In the CVS®/Value Methodology program-management context, a balanced scorecard is used to measure organizational or program performance from more than one viewpoint, rather than judging success only by a single financial result. The traditional balanced scorecard framework includes financial, customer, internal process, and innovation/learning perspectives. Kaplan and Norton’s original balanced scorecard concept includes an innovation and learning perspective, which makes Innovation a direct match. ( Harvard Business Review )
Cost is also acceptable because it represents the financial perspective of the scorecard. Financial measures commonly include cost, profit, expense control, return, and other resource-based measures. ACCA explains the financial perspective as measuring traditional financial performance, including costs and related financial indicators. ( ACCA Global )
Design is incorrect because it is a technical or product-development activity, not a balanced scorecard perspective. Marketing is also incorrect because it may support customer strategy, but the actual scorecard perspective is normally called the customer perspective , not marketing. Therefore, the best two answers from the given options are Cost and Innovation .
References/topics: VM Programs; Balanced Scorecard; Financial/Cost Perspective; Innovation and Learning Perspective; Program Performance Measurement.
