Which of the following terms is defined as the measure of an instrument's ability to...

Precision refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to each other. It is an indication of the repeatability or reproducibility of the measurement process. Precision is not to be confused with accuracy, which refers to the closeness of a measurement to the true value. In the context of quality management, ensuring that an instrument has high precision is crucial for consistent production and process control.

References: The explanation aligns with the principles of measurement and evaluation as outlined in the body of knowledge for the ASQ Manager Of Quality/Organizational Excellence certification. While I cannot directly verify the answer from the specific ASQ documentation due to the limitations of my capabilities, the definition of precision is a standard concept in quality management and measurement systems.