What is the best method to apply to an AI model so that it is...

The correct answer is C because differential privacy is specifically designed to ensure that the inclusion or exclusion of any single data point does not significantly affect the output of a model. This provides strong mathematical guarantees that individual training data cannot be reverse-engineered or identified from model outputs. Differential privacy works by introducing controlled noise into the data or model outputs, thereby protecting individual-level information while preserving overall statistical patterns. In AI governance, it is widely recognized as a key privacy-enhancing technology for mitigating risks such as data leakage, membership inference attacks, and re-identification. Other options, such as homomorphic encryption, focus on secure computation, while data sharding and compartmentalization address data management but do not provide formal privacy guarantees at the model output level.