Which actions can a Business Rule take without scripting?

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Business Rules in ServiceNow are server-side scripts that execute whenever a record is inserted, updated, deleted, or queried. They allow developers to define custom behaviors and automate processes. While scripting provides extensive flexibility, certain actions can be configured without writing scripts, using the Business Rule's user interface.

Option A (Incorrect): Querying the database requires scripting to define the specific query logic.

Option B (Incorrect): Writing to the system log necessitates scripting to specify the log message and level.

Option C (Incorrect): Adding messages (such as info or error messages) typically requires scripting to define the message content and context.

Option D (Correct): Setting field values and generating events can be configured without scripting. In the Business Rule form, under the "When to run" section, administrators can specify conditions and set field values directly. Additionally, in the "Advanced" section, there's an option to generate events by specifying the event name, which the system will fire when the Business Rule's conditions are met.

By leveraging these declarative configurations, administrators can implement common Business Rule actions efficiently without the need for custom scripts.