Which of the following vulnerabilities will lead to a successful attack that injects < IMG...

Cross-site scripting (XSS) is the correct answer because the attack injects HTML content into a web application. XSS occurs when an application accepts untrusted input and renders it in a browser without proper validation, sanitization, or output encoding. Injected tags, scripts, event handlers, or external resource references can cause a victim’s browser to execute or load attacker-controlled content. Directory traversal attempts to access unauthorized file paths, usually using patterns like ../. Buffer overflow abuses memory handling errors. SQL injection targets backend database queries. The given payload is web-content injection, not a database or memory exploit. Security+ expects recognition of XSS from injected HTML or JavaScript in web application output.