According to the OTM, secondary ESG data sources “are derived from bothcommercial providersandnonprofit or multilateral institutions.” It specifies:
“Secondary data sources include databases and analytical tools from commercial data vendors, research houses, NGOs, and international bodies such as the UN, OECD, and World Bank.”
This description confirms that the ESG ecosystem includes both for-profit data services (e.g., MSCI, Sustainalytics, Refinitiv) and nonprofit organizations (e.g., CDP, PRI, UNEP FI). These entities supply supplemental ESG information used by analysts for scoring, benchmarking, and qualitative analysis.
The OTM further distinguishes primary data (directly from companies) and secondary data (aggregated and interpreted by others). Therefore, optionCis correct, as both sectors play complementary roles in the ESG data landscape.
????Reference:2021-Final-Book.pdf, Chapter 7 — ESG Analysis, Valuation and Integration (Primary and Secondary Data Sources section).
