A penetration tester observes an application enforcing strict access controls.

Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerabilities occur when an application provides direct access to objects based on user-supplied input. This can allow an attacker to bypass authorization and access resources in the system directly, for example database records or files1. In this case, the penetration tester could potentially bypass the strict access controls and access the organization’s sensitive files. References: IDOR Vulnerability Overview