The correct answer is D – Add a variety of users, such as business analysts and domain experts, to the team.
When direct access to a true end-user is not possible, Agile teams can maintain strong customer representation by including subject matter experts, business analysts, or domain experts who have a deep understanding of user needs. This helps maintain focus on value delivery and minimizes the risk of developing the wrong product.
From the PMI Agile Practice Guide:
“If actual customers are not available to participate, the team may rely on proxies, such as product owners, subject matter experts, or business analysts who can effectively represent the voice of the customer.”
(PMI Agile Practice Guide, Section 4.2 – Stakeholder Engagement)
Mike Griffiths supports this:
“In the absence of true users, teams can engage stakeholders who are closest to the user’s experience—such as domain experts or business analysts—to ensure continuous feedback and guidance.”
(Mike Griffiths, PMI-ACP Exam Prep Book, Chapter 3 – Value-Driven Delivery / Stakeholder Engagement)
Why the other options fall short:
A increases output speed but doesn’t address misalignment with user value.
B adds technical depth but not business perspective or user empathy.
C changes cadence but doesn’t improve customer representation.
Answer: D
══════════════════════════════════════════════════
