A pharmaceutical company manufactures pesticides which contain highly toxic chemicals.

Legal cost incurred in a case relating to river pollution caused by use of the company's products in nearby fields.

Cost incurred in a product trial, carried out prior to product launch, as a consequence of the product failing to meet environmental standards.

Clean-up cost resulting from leakage of a toxic chemical at one of the company's production plants.

Cost of employing an outsourcing company to dispose of toxic waste caused by a quality failure during routine production.