Individuals in which of the following groups are not necessarily bound by the local regulator...

NPPE materials clarify that professional regulators have authority only over individuals who are registered under their legislation. Practicing members, members-in-training, and even retired or non-practicing registrants remain subject to codes of ethics and professional conduct requirements.

Postgraduate students who are not registered with the regulator are not under its jurisdiction and therefore are not necessarily bound by regulatory codes of ethics or conduct requirements.