A 59-year-old woman is referred to you because of a 2-month history of left nipple...

Spontaneous, unilateral, blood-tinged nipple discharge in a postmenopausal woman is considered pathologic and warrants imaging to rule out intraductal pathology including malignancy. The best initial test is diagnostic mammography, often with ultrasound if indicated.

Toronto Notes 2023 – Breast Disorders:

“Unilateral, spontaneous, bloody nipple discharge should be evaluated with mammography and targeted ultrasound. Further tests such as MRI or duct excision are based on findings.”

MCCQE1 Objectives (Gynecology > 81-1: Breast Conditions):

“Candidates must recognize red flags for breast malignancy and apply appropriate initial diagnostic imaging.”

Serum prolactin (C) is indicated in galactorrhea. Galactography (D) and MRI (E) are second-line. Biopsy (A) is premature without imaging.