The correct answer is A, Metes and bounds. A metes-and-bounds description identifies a parcel by describing boundary courses using directions, distances, monuments, landmarks, and a point of beginning.
The “metes” generally represent measurements or distances; the “bounds” describe directions, adjoining properties, monuments, roads, waterways, or other identifying boundary features. A properly constructed description eventually closes by returning to the point of beginning.
Massachusetts and other original eastern states commonly use metes-and-bounds descriptions because their settlement and land-record systems predate the federal rectangular survey system.
The rectangular survey system uses principal meridians, base lines, townships, ranges, and sections and is much more prevalent in western states.
A lot-and-block description identifies property by reference to a specific recorded subdivision map—for example, “Lot 4 on Plan X”—rather than narrating the parcel ' s boundary courses directly.
Study Guide Reference: Transfer of Title — legal descriptions; metes and bounds; recorded plans.