Which of the following is used to protect the buyer from title defects after closing?

An owner’s (buyer’s) title insurance policy provides financial protection to the buyer after closing against covered defects in title (e.g., undisclosed liens, errors in the public record, forgeries) that existed as of the policy date. An abstract of title and a chain of title are historical summaries used in the examination of title but do not provide indemnity. An attorney’s opinion of title is an expert assessment, not an insurance contract, and similarly does not indemnify the buyer against losses from covered defects discovered later.