Which two statements are examples of exception traffic?

In the Junos architecture, exception traffic consists of packets that cannot be handled by the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) alone and must be punted to the Routing Engine (RE) for specialized processing.

The first category of exception traffic is management/protocol traffic destined for the local device . For instance, SSH traffic to the local Junos OS device is an exception because the RE must terminate the TCP connection, authenticate the user, and present the CLI. Other examples include SNMP polls, BGP updates, and OSPF Hellos.

The second category involves packets with specific IP options or headers that require RE intervention. An IP packet with the Router Alert option (typically used by protocols like RSVP or IGMP) explicitly tells every router in the path, " Hey, stop and look at my payload. " Because the PFE is optimized for high-speed forwarding and not for interpreting complex options, it sends these packets to the RE. Conversely, traffic destined for a remote internet server (transit traffic) or packets with CoS bits (which are processed in hardware by the PFE) do not hit the RE. Exception traffic is strictly policed by the " internal link " rate limiters to ensure the RE is never overwhelmed by a flood of packets requiring software-based processing.