Refer to the following code (correcting the missing template literal backticks):let codeName = ' Bond...

First, compute sampleText:

let codeName = ' Bond ' ;

let sampleText = `The name is ${codeName}, Jim ${codeName}`;

The template literal evaluates to:

" The name is Bond, Jim Bond "

Now evaluate each statement:

Option A: sampleText.includes( ' Jim ' );

String.prototype.includes(substring) returns true if substring occurs anywhere in the string.

sampleText clearly contains " Jim " ( " The name is Bond, Jim Bond " ).

So this returns true.

Option B: sampleText.includes( ' The ' , 1);

includes(searchString, position) starts searching from the given position index.

" The name is Bond, Jim Bond " has " The " starting at index 0.

Starting search at index 1 means " The " at index 0 is not considered, and there is no second " The " .

So this returns false.

Option C: sampleText.includes( ' Jim ' , 4);

" Jim " appears after " The name is Bond, " which is longer than 4 characters; the index of " Jim " is well past 4.

So when searching from index 4, " Jim " is still found.

This returns true.

Option D: sampleText.indexOf( ' Bond ' ) !== -1;

String.prototype.indexOf(substring) returns:

-1 if the substring is not found,

Otherwise, the starting index of the first occurrence.

" Bond " appears twice in " The name is Bond, Jim Bond " .

So sampleText.indexOf( ' Bond ' ) is some non-negative index (for the first occurrence).

Therefore indexOf( ' Bond ' ) !== -1 is true.

Option E: sampleText.substring( ' Jim ' );

substring expects numeric indexes: substring(startIndex, endIndex?).

If given a string " Jim " as the argument, JavaScript coerces it to a number:

Number( ' Jim ' ) → NaN

NaN for startIndex is treated as 0.

So sampleText.substring( ' Jim ' ) is effectively sampleText.substring(0), which returns the full string " The name is Bond, Jim Bond " .

This is a string , not a boolean. The question asks “which code statements return true?”

This statement returns a string, not the boolean value true.

Thus, the three statements that actually return true (boolean) are:

Answer: A, C, D

Study Guide / Concept References (no links):

Template literals and ${} interpolation

String.prototype.includes(searchString, position?)

String.prototype.indexOf(substring) and checking for !== -1

String.prototype.substring(start, end?) and argument coercion

Boolean vs non-boolean return types in string methods