Which of the following is a potential risk associated with IT hardware or devices?

Lack of interoperability is a direct risk associated with IT hardware and devices. If devices or systems cannot communicate or work together effectively, it can lead to operational inefficiencies, data silos, and system failures.

Loss of source code (A) is a risk associated with software, not typically hardware. A sniffing attack (C) is a threat that can be directed at hardware/devices, but lack of interoperability is a risk of the hardware itself.