Which of the following principles is shared by both hierarchical and open organizational structures?

Which of the following principles is shared by both hierarchical and open organizational structures?

1) A superior can delegate the authority to make decisions but cannot delegate the ultimate responsibility for the results of those decisions

2) A supervisor's span of control should not exceed seven subordinates

3) Responsibility should be accompanied by adequate authority

4) Employees at all levels should be empowered to make decisions.