Sharpe Ratio Defined
The Sharpe ratio measures risk-adjusted return, specifically the excess return over the risk-free rate per unit of volatility.
Formula: Sharpe Ratio=Portfolio Return - Risk-Free RateStandard Deviation of Portfolio Returns\text{Sharpe Ratio} = \frac{\text{Portfolio Return - Risk-Free Rate}}{\text{Standard Deviation of Portfolio Returns}}Sharpe Ratio=Standard Deviation of Portfolio ReturnsPortfolio Return - Risk-Free Rate
Why the Answer is B
The ratio quantifies the return generated for each unit of risk taken, relative to the risk-free rate.
Why Other Options are Incorrect
A. Benchmark performance: The Sharpe ratio does not measure performance relative to a benchmark.
C. Annual charge effect: Unrelated to fund expenses.
D. Manager ability: Focuses on risk-adjusted returns, not managerial skill.
ICWIM Study Guide, Chapter on Risk-Adjusted Metrics: Explains the Sharpe ratio.
Portfolio Management Literature: Highlights its use in assessing performance.
ReferencesThus, the correct answer is B. Return above a risk-free rate.
