Which of these elements are fundamental to effective HR risk management?

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Internal controls and audit functionsare core to HR risk management. These mechanisms help:

Prevent fraud or legal violations

Ensure policy compliance

Monitor and correct risk exposure in HR processes (e.g., payroll, hiring, labor laws)

They form thefirst line of defensein an HR risk framework.

GPHR Study Guide Extract – Workforce Relations and Risk Management / Risk Assessment and Internal Controls:

“Robust internal controls and audit processes enable HR to detect and prevent risks in areas like payroll, benefits, and compliance. They are foundational to a sustainable HR risk management system.”

Training and policy updates are necessary butsupporting components, not the core infrastructure.