At which offset of ~/GIAC/memdump/raw/key_13does binwalkindicate is the beginning of the binary file?

In memory forensics and file carving — critical areas in GICSP’s Incident Response and Forensic Analysis domain — binwalk is used to analyze binary dumps and identify embedded files or binaries.

Running binwalk against a memory dump file (like key_13) scans for known file signatures or embedded binaries and reports the offset where such content starts.

According to standard GICSP lab exercises, the beginning of the embedded binary in key_13 is at offset 0x5b66.

This offset marks the start of executable or embedded data critical for reconstructing evidence or analyzing malware payloads in ICS environments.

Understanding how to interpret binwalk output and memory offsets helps ICS security professionals identify malicious code hidden within memory dumps.