A user is purchasing from an online retailer.

An incompatible browser is being used: If the browser does not support the technologies or standards used by the online retailer’s website, it might fail to process the transaction properly, leading to issues with page refreshing and confirmation messages.

A pop-up blocker is enabled: Some online purchasing processes may utilize pop-up windows to display confirmation messages. If a pop-up blocker is active, it might prevent these messages from appearing, causing confusion about the transaction's completion.

References:CompTIA IT Fundamentals documentation includes troubleshooting internet connectivity issues and understanding web technologies, where browser compatibility and the impact of browser settings like pop-up blockers on website functionality are discussed.