The correct answer is B. Perform a primary survey.
This question is testing initial EMS priorities, not just treatment selection.
According to NREMT standards, every patient encounter begins with a primary assessment (primary survey), which includes:
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Identifying life threats
Why B is correct (Primary survey):
Even though the patient is likely experiencing anaphylaxis, EMTs must:
Rapidly assess airway, breathing, and circulation
Identify severity of respiratory distress
Then immediately intervene (e.g., epinephrine)
NREMT guidance states:
“The primary assessment is the first step in patient care.”
“Life-threatening conditions are identified and managed during the primary survey.”
Why D is not the best initial answer:
Epinephrine is the correct treatment, but it is administered after performing the primary survey.
The question asks for the initial management action, which is always the primary assessment.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A. Bronchodilator: Not first-line for anaphylaxis.
C. Immediate transport: Important, but only after initial assessment and stabilization.
Exact Extracts:
“The primary assessment identifies immediate life threats.”
“Airway, breathing, and circulation must be assessed first in all patients.”
“Treatment interventions follow the primary survey.”
[References:, NREMT EMT Education Standards – Patient Assessment , NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) – Medical Assessment , Prehospital Emergency Care (EMT) – Patient Assessment and Management , , , , ]
