John, from a remote location, was monitoring his bedridden grandfather’s health condition at his home.

In the scenario described, John is using a Device-to-cloud model of IoT communication. This model involves direct communication between the smart wearable ECC (IoT device) and the cloud, where the data is stored and analyzed. Alerts and health condition updates are then sent from the cloud to John’s mobile phone. This model is efficient for scenarios where IoT devices need to send data directly to a cloud service for storage, analysis, and further action, without the need for an intermediary device or gateway.

References: The EC-Council Certified Security Specialist (E|CSS) curriculum discusses IoT device security, application areas, and communication models, including how security works in IoT-enabled environments and the types of IoT communication models1.