Which of the following is an example of overfitting?

The syllabus defines overfitting as:

“Overfitting is when the ML model learns the training data so well that it is unable to generalize to accommodate new data.”

This occurs when the model memorizes the training data, including noise, instead of learning the general patterns.

(Reference: ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 3.5.1, page 31 of 99)