Bullwhip effect can be reduced by which of the following combinations of actions?

The bullwhip effect occurs when small fluctuations in demand at the retail level cause progressively larger fluctuations in demand at the wholesale, distributor, manufacturer, and raw material supplier levels. This effect can be mitigated through:

Information Sharing: Sharing accurate and timely demand information across the supply chain helps align production and inventory levels with actual market demand.

Frequent Ordering: Regular and smaller orders reduce the need for large safety stocks and prevent sudden spikes in order quantities.

Consistent Pricing: Stable pricing avoids creating artificial demand variations caused by promotional discounts or variable pricing strategies.

These combined actions help in reducing demand variability, improving supply chain coordination, and minimizing the bullwhip effect.