During a training exercise, a security analyst must determine the vulnerabilities to prioritize.

Allowing anonymous read access to /etc/passwdis acriticalvulnerability because it canexpose user account details, aiding attackers inpassword cracking and privilege escalation​.

Option B (Anonymous FTP access)is a risk, but /etc/passwd exposure ismore criticalas it directly affects user authentication.

Option C (Defender updates disabled)isimportant, but it does not present animmediateattack vector like credential exposure.

Option D (less escape exploit)is significant, but it requires user interaction, making itless immediate than a global credential leak.

Thus,A is the correct answer, as it representsan immediate, high-impact security risk​.