McGregor’s Theory X-style management is the perception that people need to:

Detailed Explanation: Theory X, proposed by Douglas McGregor, assumes that people inherently dislike work and need to be directed, controlled, or pushed to work effectively. This management style is often characterized by close supervision and strict control. In contrast, Theory Y assumes that employees are self-motivated and seek responsibility. According to the BoK, understanding these management theories helps leaders adopt styles that foster a positive and productive work environment.