Incidence rate is a fundamental epidemiological measure used to quantify the frequency of new cases of a disease within a specified population over a defined time period. The Certification Board of Infection Control and Epidemiology (CBIC) supports the use of such metrics in the "Surveillance and Epidemiologic Investigation" domain, aligning with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) "Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice" (3rd Edition, 2012). The formula provided, XY×K=Rate\frac{X}{Y} \times K = RateYX×K=Rate, represents the standard incidence rate calculation, where KKK is a constant (e.g., 1,000 or 100,000) to express the rate perunit population, and the question asks what YYY represents among the given options.
In the incidence rate formula, XXX typically represents the number of new cases (or events) of the disease occurring during a specific period, and YYY represents the population at risk during that same period. The ratio XY\frac{X}{Y}YX yields the rate per unit of population, which is then multiplied by KKK to standardize the rate (e.g., cases per 1,000 persons). The CDC defines the denominator (YYY) as the population at risk, which includes individuals susceptible to the disease over the observation period. Option B ("Number of infected patients") might suggest XXX if it specified new cases, but as the denominator YYY, it is incorrect because incidence focuses on new cases relative to the at-risk population, not the total number of infected individuals (which could include prevalent cases). Option C ("Population at risk") correctly aligns with YYY, representing the base population over which the rate is calculated.
Option A, "Population served," is a broader term that might include the total population under care (e.g., in a healthcare facility), but it is not specific to those at risk for new infections, making it less precise. Option D, "Number of events," could align with XXX (new cases or events), but as the denominator YYY, it does not fit the formula’s structure. The CBIC Practice Analysis (2022) and CDC guidelines reinforce that the denominator in incidence rates is the population at risk, ensuring accurate measurement of new disease occurrence.
[References:, CBIC Practice Analysis, 2022., CDC Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, 3rd Edition, 2012., , ]
