An infection preventionist (IP) is asked to monitor the use of preoperative antibiotics for patients...

The Certification Study Guide (6th edition) emphasizes that effective monitoring of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis focuses on process measures that are directly linked to prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs). For hip replacement surgery, one of the most critical evidence-based practices is the timely administration of prophylactic antibiotics, typically within the recommended time frame prior to surgical incision.

Monitoring the timing of prophylactic antibiotics allows the infection preventionist to assess compliance with nationally accepted standards and guidelines. Numerous studies cited in infection prevention literature, and reinforced in the study guide, demonstrate that inappropriate timing—either too early or after incision—significantly reduces the effectiveness of prophylaxis and increases SSI risk. Because timing is a modifiable process under the control of the surgical team, it represents a high-value performance indicator.

The other options are less appropriate. Reviewing antibiotic use only in patients who develop SSIs is retrospective and does not support prevention. Receiving daily pharmacy reports identifies antibiotic exposure but does not evaluate whether prophylaxis was administered correctly. Monitoring all postoperative antibiotic use does not specifically address preoperative prophylaxis and may dilute focus from the most critical prevention measure.

CIC exam questions frequently distinguish between process monitoring versus outcome review. In this scenario, monitoring the timing of prophylactic antibiotics aligns with best practices, supports targeted feedback to surgical teams, and directly contributes to SSI reduction.