High lead levels present a medical emergency because they are associated with the development of:

Lead toxicity is particularly dangerous in young children due to their developing central nervous systems.Irreversible encephalopathyis a known severe consequence ofacute or chronic lead exposure, and it may present withseizures, altered mental status, and developmental regression. It requiresimmediate chelation therapyand environmental remediation.

“High lead levels, especially >70 mcg/dL, are associated with irreversible neurologic damage such as encephalopathy, cerebral edema, and seizures.”

(Referenced from CCRN Pediatric – Direct Care: Neurological, Toxic Encephalopathy and Heavy Metal Poisoning)