The HAZOP technique, which stands for Hazard and Operability Study, is a qualitative technique that involves a disciplined analysis of the event sequences that could transform a potential hazard into an accident. The HAZOP technique is a systematic and structured method of identifying and evaluating the possible deviations from the intended design, operation, or functionality of a system, process, or product. The HAZOP technique uses a set of guide words, such as no, more, less, as well as, part of, and reverse, to generate different scenarios of what could go wrong and why. The HAZOP technique helps to identify the causes, consequences, and safeguards of the deviations, and to recommend the appropriate actions or controls to prevent or mitigate the hazards12. A failure mode and effects criticality analysis (FMECA) is a qualitative technique that involves an extension of the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) by adding a criticality rating to each failure mode. A FMECA is a method of identifying and evaluating the potential failures of a system, process, or product, and their impacts on the performance, safety, or reliability of the system, process, or product. A FMECA helps to prioritize the failures based on their severity and frequency, and to determine the corrective actions or preventive measures to reduce or eliminate the failures13. A failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a qualitative technique that involves a systematic analysis of the potential failures of a system, process, or product, and their effects on the performance, safety, or reliability of the system, process, or product. An FMEA is a method of identifying and evaluating the causes, modes, and consequences of the failures, and the existing or planned controls to detect or prevent the failures. An FMEA helps to improve the design, operation, or functionality of the system, process, or product, and to reduce the risk of failures14. A preliminary risk analysis (PRA) is a qualitative technique that involves a high-level assessment of the risks that may affect a project or a solution. A PRA is a method of identifying and evaluating the sources, events, and impacts of the risks, and the existing or planned responses to the risks. A PRA helps to determine the feasibility and viability of the project or the solution, and to establish the scope and objectives of the risk management process15. References:
CBAP® Handbook
HAZOP Technique - iiba.org
Failure Mode and Effects Criticality Analysis - iiba.org
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis - iiba.org
Preliminary Risk Analysis - iiba.org
