According to the PMBOK® Guide, specifically within the Plan Communications Management process, communication methods are the systematic procedures, techniques, or processes used to transfer information among project stakeholders. PMI categorizes these into three distinct types:
Interactive Communication: This is between two or more parties performing a multi-directional exchange of information in real time. It includes meetings, phone calls, video conferencing, and instant messaging. It is the most effective way to ensure a common understanding among all participants on specific topics.
Push Communication: This is sent or distributed directly to specific recipients who need to receive the information. This ensures that the information is distributed but does not certify that it actually reached or was understood by the intended audience. Examples include letters, memos, reports, emails, and press releases.
Pull Communication: This is used for very large volumes of information or for very large audiences. It requires the recipients to access the communication content at their own discretion. Examples include intranet sites, e-learning, knowledge repositories, or bulletin boards.
Analysis of other options:
A, C, and D: These options include Interpersonal communication. While interpersonal skills (such as active listening and nonverbal communication) are vital for a project manager, they are categorized under Interpersonal and Team Skills (tools and techniques) rather than the three formal Communication Methods defined by PMI for the distribution of project information.
Per PMI standards, a project manager should select a combination of Interactive, Push, and Pull methods based on the communication requirements of the stakeholders and the nature of the information being shared.
