Based on the below request/response, which of the following statements is true?

The request is a GET to /dashboard.php with a purl parameter (http://attacker.com). The response is a 302 Found redirect with a Location: http://attacker.com header, indicating the server redirects the client to the URL specified in the purl parameter. Let’s evaluate the statements:

Option A ("Application is likely to be vulnerable to Open Redirection vulnerability"): Correct. Open Redirection occurs when an application redirects to a user-supplied URL without validation. Here, the purl parameter (http://attacker.com) is directly used in the Location header, allowing an attacker to redirect users to a malicious site (e.g., for phishing). This is a classic Open Redirection vulnerability if the application does not restrict redirects to trusted domains.

Option B ("Application is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery vulnerability"): Incorrect. CSRF involves tricking a user into making an unintended request (e.g., via a malicious form). This response does not indicate a CSRF issue; there’s no evidence of state-changing actions or lack of CSRF tokens.

Option C ("Application uses an insecure protocol"): Incorrect. The request is made over HTTP, and the redirect is to an HTTP URL (http://attacker.com), which is insecure, but the response itself does not indicate the protocol used for the initial request. The server could be using HTTPS for the initial response; the insecure protocol is in the redirect destination, which relates to the Open Redirection issue, not the application’s protocol usage broadly.

Option D ("All of the above"): Incorrect, as only A is true.

The correct answer is A, aligning with the CAP syllabus under "Open Redirection Vulnerabilities" and "URL Redirection Attacks."References: SecOps Group CAP Documents - "Open Redirection," "Input Validation for Redirects," and "OWASP Top 10 (A10:2021 - Server-Side Request Forgery)" sections.