What are the key anti-financial crime (AFC) regulatory bodies in the United States and the...

In the United States, anti-financial crime responsibilities are divided between specialized authorities. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) administers and enforces the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and focuses on anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing. The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) administers and enforces US economic and trade sanctions.

In the European Union, the European Commission is responsible for proposing AML/CFT legislation, such as the AML Directives and the AML Regulation. Enforcement is carried out by individual EU member states through national supervisory and law enforcement authorities, with coordination increasingly provided by the EU Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA).

Other bodies such as the EBA and ESMA play supporting supervisory or standard-setting roles but are not the primary sanctions authorities.