AMutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT)is aformal agreement between two or more countriesthat facilitatescooperation in legal and law enforcement matters, includingAML investigations.
Option D (Correct):MLATs allow governments to share financial intelligence, request legal assistance, and conduct joint investigations.
Option A (Incorrect):A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) is typically a non-binding contract used for general business or governmental cooperation.
Option B (Incorrect):A Declaration of Understanding is an informal agreement and does not provide a legal framework for law enforcement cooperation.
Option C (Incorrect):A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is often used for informal cooperation but lacks the legal enforceability of an MLAT.
Option E (Incorrect):A Request for Urgent Information is not a recognized international legal instrument.
Best Practices for Cross-Border AML Cooperation:
Use MLATs to request access to financial records in foreign jurisdictions.
Collaborate with Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) via the Egmont Group.
Leverage FATF’s International Cooperation Review Group (ICRG) for guidance.
[Reference:, FATF Recommendation 37 (International Cooperation & MLATs), U.S. Department of Justice MLAT Procedures, Egmont Group Guidelines on Cross-Border FIU Information Sharing, , , , , , ]
