Which of the following are Security Goals?

In SAP’s security framework, Information Integrity and Identity Authentication are recognized as key Security Goals. Information Integrity ensures that data remains accurate, complete, and unaltered during storage and transmission, protecting against unauthorized modifications or corruption. This goal is critical for maintaining trust in SAP systems, particularly for financial or operational data. Identity Authentication verifies the identity of users or systems accessing SAP resources, ensuring that only authorized entities gain entry, which is foundational for access control and security. Encryption, while a security mechanism, is a means to achieve goals like confidentiality, not a goal itself. Repudiation, or non-repudiation, ensures actions are traceable but is not classified as a primary security goal in this context. By prioritizing Information Integrity and Identity Authentication, SAP aligns with industry-standard security principles, ensuring that data and access are protected, supporting compliance, and safeguarding business processes in SAP environments.