In the traditional Bloom's taxonomy, the verb “explain” corresponds most directly to the Comprehension level. At this level, learners demonstrate that they understand information well enough to interpret it, describe it in their own words, summarize it, or explain relationships.
Knowledge is primarily concerned with recalling previously learned facts, definitions, procedures, or terminology. If the objective required learners simply to list the stages of negotiation, Knowledge might be appropriate. Application requires learners to use knowledge or procedures in a particular situation—for example, conducting part of a negotiation. Analysis involves breaking information into components and examining relationships, assumptions, or underlying structures.
The stated objective asks learners to explain the negotiation process, demonstrating understanding beyond simple recall but not requiring them to perform an actual negotiation or analyze competing approaches.
Instructional designers should select objective verbs carefully because the required cognitive level should also guide instructional activities and assessment. If the objective requires comprehension, an assessment should require learners to explain or interpret the process rather than merely recognize terminology.
Study Guide Topics: Instructional Design; Bloom's taxonomy; comprehension; learning objectives; cognitive levels.
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