Conditional probability P(A|B) = P(A and B)/P(B) →

The formula for conditional probability is P(A|B) = P(A and B)/P(B), provided P(B) > 0. The notation P(A|B) is read as “the probability of A given B.” The denominator P(B) restricts the sample space to cases in which B occurs, and the numerator P(A and B) counts the portion of that restricted group in which A also occurs. Therefore, the statement is true. Option B is incorrect because the formula is the standard definition of conditional probability. Option C is incorrect because if A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A and B) = 0, which creates a special case rather than the general definition. Option D is invalid because conditional probability is undefined when P(B) = 0. The condition must have positive probability. Study Guide references/topics: conditional probability, joint probability, event intersection, probability rules.

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