The term Landscape Urbanism, as used by planners and urban designers, refers to:

Landscape Urbanism, a theory emerging in the late 20th century, prioritizes landscape as the primary organizing element of urban form, over buildings or infrastructure. Option C (organizing city form through the design of the city’s landscape) is correct. The APA’sAICP Certification Exam Content Outline(2022), under “Fundamental Planning Knowledge,” defines Landscape Urbanism as “a design approach that organizes urban form through landscape systems, rather than architectural structures.” Option A (site-specific requirements) is too narrow. Option B (tree planting) is a specific action, not a theory. Option D (garden cities) refers to Ebenezer Howard’s earlier concept. TheCPC Study Manual(2024) confirms, “Landscape Urbanism focuses on using landscape to structure city form, prioritizing natural systems,” supporting option C.