In a new supply chain management system, AI models used by participating parties are interactively...

The AAISM governance framework notes that in multi-party AI ecosystems, the greatest challenge is ensuring clear accountability for AI outputs. When models from different parties interact, responsibility for errors, bias, or harmful recommendations can be unclear, leading to disputes and compliance gaps. While aggregate risk assessment and error identification are significant, they are secondary to the fundamental governance requirement of establishing transparent lines of responsibility. Without defined accountability, no stakeholder can reliably manage or mitigate risks. Therefore, the greatest challenge in such a distributed architecture is responsibility for AI outputs.