Which of the following testing techniques would BEST validate whether an organization's data governance program...

Assessing data lineage provides insight into the origin, flow, and transformation of data across its lifecycle, which is crucial for validating data governance. The AAIA™ Study Guide states that data lineage is essential to ensure the accuracy, consistency, and trustworthiness of data used in training AI models.

“Traceability of data sources is a core tenet of effective data governance. Data lineage validation ensures data quality, prevents unauthorized modifications, and maintains auditability.”

BIA (A) focuses on impact, not data quality. Reviewing SDLC (B) is broad and may not highlight data-specific risks. Penetration testing (C) addresses security, not governance. Therefore, D is the best method.