Which technology can provide a computing environment without requiring a dedicated hardware backend?

A Virtual Desktop provides a computing environment without requiring dedicated hardware on the backend. This technology uses virtualization to host desktop environments on a centralized server, enabling users to access their desktop remotely. Unlike mainframe servers (A) or thin clients (C), virtual desktops provide flexibility, scalability, and reduced dependency on physical hardware. VLANs (D) are for network segmentation and do not provide a computing environment.