What three controllers maintain the lifecycle of VMware vSphere Kubernetes Service (VKS) clusters?

The VCF 9.0 documentation explicitly states that“the VKS exposes three layers of controllers to manage the lifecycle of a VKS cluster.”Those three controller layers map directly to the answer choices:

Cloud Provider Plug-in: VKS-provisioned clusters include components needed to integrate with vSphere Namespace resources, including aCloud Provider Plug-inthat integrates with the Supervisor and supports infrastructure-integrated functions (for example, passing persistent volume requests to the Supervisor which integrates with Cloud Native Storage).

Cluster API: The documentation describesCluster APIas providing declarative APIs for “cluster creation, configuration, and management,” including resources for the VMs and cluster add-ons.

Virtual Machine Service: TheVirtual Machine Serviceprovides declarative APIs to manage VMs and associated vSphere resources, and is used to manage the lifecycle of the control plane and worker node VMs that host a VKS cluster.

CNI and CSI are important cluster components, but the document distinguishes these from thethree controller layersresponsible for lifecycle management.