Mike, a security engineer, was recently hired by BigFox Ltd.

Jamming and scrambling are attacks targeting the physical layer of the OSI model, often affecting wireless communication by generating interference to disrupt signal transmission. To mitigate such attacks, one advanced countermeasure is the use of Cognitive Radios.

According to CEH v13 Official Courseware:

Cognitive radios are intelligent radio systems capable of sensing the radio frequency (RF) environment and dynamically adjusting their operating parameters (e.g., frequency, modulation) to avoid interference and jamming.

They enable dynamic spectrum access and help in improving spectrum efficiency and resilience against jamming.

This approach falls under physical-layer security mechanisms.

Incorrect Options:

A. gets and strcpy are unsafe functions vulnerable to buffer overflow, not relevant to DoS protection.

B. Allowing all types of packets increases risk and is not a mitigation.

D. TCP SYN cookies protect against SYN flood attacks and disabling them weakens security.

Reference – CEH v13 Official Courseware:

Module 10: Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks

Section: “Defensive Strategies Against Jamming and DoS Attacks”

Subsection: “Physical Layer Countermeasures”

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